Effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.

BACKGROUND: The association of anxiety and depression with adverse reactions after receipt of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is not clear among the general population. This study aims to evaluate the effect of anxiety and depression on self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted during April-July 2021. Participants completing the two doses of vaccine were included in this study. Sociodemographic information, anxiety and depression levels and adverse reactions after the first dose of vaccine for all participants were collected. The anxiety and depression levels were assessed by the Seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire Scale, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between anxiety and depression and adverse reactions. RESULTS: A total of 2161 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 13% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.3-14.2%) and 15% (95%CI, 13.6-16.7%), respectively. Of the 2161 participants, 1607 (74%; 95% CI, 73-76%) reported at least one adverse reaction after the first dose of the vaccine. Pain at the injection site (55%) and fatigue and headache (53% and 18%, respectively) were the most commonly reported local and systemic adverse reactions, respectively. Participants with anxiety or depression or both were more likely to report local and systemic adverse reactions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that anxiety and depression increase the risk of self-reported adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccine. Consequently, appropriate psychological interventions before vaccination will help to reduce or alleviate symptoms of vaccination.

Changes in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection strains isolated from children in Kunming, China during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Invasive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is associated with high rates of mortality in children. No studies have been reported on invasive S. aureus infection among children in Kunming, China, and it remains unknown whether the COVID-19 epidemic has affected S. aureus prevalence in this region. Thus, this study investigated the changes in molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children in Kunming during 2019-2021. In total, 66 invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), spa, and Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), and antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes were analyzed. A total of 19 ST types, 31 spa types and 3 SCCmec types were identified. Thirty nine (59.09%) strains were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 27 (40.91%) strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The most common molecular type was ST22-t309 (22.73%, 15/66), followed by ST59-t437 (13.64%, 9/66). In 2019 and 2021, the dominant molecular type was ST22-t309, while in 2020, it was ST59-t437. After 2019, the dominant molecular type of MRSA changed from ST338-t437 to ST59-t437. All strains were susceptible to tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, vancomycin, quinopudine-dafoputin, linezolid, levofloxacin, and rifampicin. From 2019 to 2021, the resistance to penicillin and sulfamethoxazole initially decreased and then increased, a trend that contrasted with the observed resistance to oxacillin, cefoxitin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline. Sixteen antimicrobial resistance profiles were identified, with penicillin-tetracycline-erythromycin-clindamycin-oxacillin-cefoxitin being the most common, and the antimicrobial resistance profiles varied by year. The carrier rates of virulence genes, icaA, icaD, hla, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, and cna were 100.00%. Furthermore, sak, pvl, icaC, icaR, fib, lip, hlb, hysA, sea, seb, and tsst-1 had carrier rates of 96.97, 92.42, 87.88, 69.70, 84.85, 62.12, 56.06, 50, 37.87, 30.30, and 7.58%, respectively. Since COVID-19 epidemic, the annual number of invasive S. aureus strains isolated from children in Kunming remained stable, but the molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of prevalent S. aureus strains have changed significantly. Thus, COVID-19 prevention and control should be supplemented by surveillance of common clinical pathogens, particularly vigilance against the prevalence of multidrug-resistant and high-virulence strains.

COVID-19 May Increase the Risk of Insulin Resistance in Adult Patients Without Diabetes: A 6-Month Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, exploring insulin resistance and beta-cell activity is important for understanding COVID-19‒associated new-onset diabetes. We assessed insulin sensitivity and fasting insulin secretion in patients with COVID-19 without diabetes on admission and at 3 and 6 months after discharge. METHODS: This 6-month prospective study assessed data from the records of 64 patients without diabetes diagnosed with COVID-19 at Wenzhou Central Hospital, China. Each patient was followed up at 3 and 6 months after discharge. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to investigate differences in multiple measurements of the same variable at different times. Linear regression analysis was performed to analyze the contributor for changes in the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. RESULTS: Fasting C-peptide levels in patients at baseline were lower than the normal range. Compared with the baseline results, patients had significantly elevated fasting C-peptide levels (0.35 ± 0.24 vs 2.36 ± 0.98 vs 2.52 ± 1.11 µg/L; P < .001), homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (0.42, interquartile range [IQR] 0.36-0.62 vs 2.54, IQR 1.95-3.42 vs 2.90, IQR 2.02-4.23; P < .001), and TyG indices (8.57 ± 0.47 vs 8.73 ± 0.60 vs 8.82 ± 0.62; P = .006) and decreased fasting glucose levels (5.84 ± 1.21 vs 4.95 ± 0.76 vs 5.40 ± 0.68 mmol/L; P = .003) at the 3- and 6-month follow-up. Male gender, age, interferon-alfa treatment during hospitalization, and changes in total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein levels were significantly associated with changes in the TyG index. CONCLUSION: Our study provided the first evidence that COVID-19 may increase the risk of insulin resistance in patients without diabetes.

Contamination-free visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 with CRISPR/Cas12a: A promising method in the point-of-care detection.

The outbreaks of the infectious disease COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 seriously threatened the life of humans. A rapid, reliable and specific detection method was urgently needed. Herein, we reported a contamination-free visual detection method for SARS-CoV-2 with LAMP and CRISPR/Cas12a technology. CRISPR/Cas12a reagents were pre-added on the inner wall of the tube lid. After LAMP reaction, CRISPR/Cas12a reagents were flowed into the tube and mixed with amplicon solution by hand shaking, which can effectively avoid possible amplicon formed aerosol contamination caused by re-opening the lid after amplification. CRISPR/Cas12a can highly specific recognize target sequence and discriminately cleave single strand DNA probes (5'-6FAM 3'-BHQ1). With smart phone and portable 3D printing instrument, the produced fluorescence can be seen by naked eyes without any dedicated instruments, which is promising in the point-of-care detection. The whole amplification and detection process could be completed within 40 min with high sensitivity of 20 copies RNA of SARS-CoV-2. This reaction had high specificity and could avoid cross-reactivity with other common viruses such as influenza virus. For 7 positive and 3 negative respiratory swab samples provided by Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, our detection results had 100% positive agreement and 100% negative agreement, which demonstrated the accuracy and application prospect of this method.